Since 1984, every April 18 celebrates the International Day of the Monuments and Sieges, an initiative promoted by the International Advice of Monumentos and Sitios itself, (ICOMOS); And approved for the General Assembly House of the UNESCO in 1983.
In this municipality, the working day has special connotation with the formal declaration of a new National Monument of the Cuba, the seven-cave set, with its pictographies.
The resolution of the National Commission of Monumentos, recognizes that “ Sierra's region of Cubitas is one of the pictographic zones of Cuba of bigger meaning, with characteristics that tell her from the rest of the regions and stations of the Rupestrian Art.
Paintings, were the first pictographies discovered in the world, in 1839, a lot than before the news divulged of the wall art in the Caves of Altamira, in 1879.
The 7 caves with aboriginal pictographies in the saw of Cubitas, valued like local patrimony since 1983, already are considered National Monument, and its surroundings receive the category of archeological region.
The Indian, The Mercedes, Generals, the Rice And Beans Portals, María Teresa, Matías and Pichardo constitute the only until now attributable representations to groups agroalfareros in Cuba, according to the Office of Sitios and Monumentos Historic of the Provincial Center of Cultural Heritage of Camaguey.
In the zone are located the Hole of Bonet, a depression cársica of around 90 in-depth meters and 300 in width, place setting of vegetation, that accepts a delicious fauna of local species; As well as the most famous mountain pass in Cuba, The Places Of Execution, with a 40-meter depth and almost two kilometers of length, that María Teresa, The Mercedes, Pichardo and Matías grant you monumental character, caves; And separate the hills from Tuabaquey and Limones, the two elevations of bigger height camagüeyana.
In the cave of Matías the record of a ritual dance is appreciated, while in the one of The Generals they counted of the step of the Spanish conquerors.
Also one knows that the indocubanos were able to get in touch verbally with the inhabitants of other islands of The Caribbean and even he imagines that with regions of the basin of the Gulf.
Caverns María Teresa and The Mercedes present the dripping produced in seasons of rain, which provokes the gradual deterioration of those picture writings, that he appreciates himself they will get damaged in around 50 years, considering that they were made with mud and some type of fat, possibly of animal origin.
The rupestrian drawings of the Pichardo to be far away of the public control, keep practically intact, which is why he considers himself like the ones of better conservation of the area of The Caribbean, with over half a millennium of existence.
In Matías they appreciate to the colonization pictographies of the pre-Columbian stage and a little posterior group, where with human silhouettes reflects the encounter between the aborigines and the Spanish conquerors.
The cave of The Portals of Pinto, placed at one end of the mountain pass of Trincheras, to the center west of the saw of Cubitas, way departs from the subterranean system of the Cave of the Indian.
Source phreatic, and with horizontal morphology, the espelunca is not very extensive and it is characterized to open in an immense lapel that clears the way for a short gallery guided toward another entrance to the extreme opposite.
Portals put away beautiful aboriginal pictographs in their inside once the walls were made out of with the ruling, and for as much only in its guy in the territory camagüeyano.
To this cave's bottom, that is not rich in secondary formations, a solitary stalactite very aged, to the center of the central gallery whose silhouette keeps on attracting attention rises. Your top part resembles a sea horse perfectly delineated and for years it has proven to be reference point of speleologists and occasional visitors to the place that they name Galería of the Pony, certainly only curiosity in the world universal underground railroad.
“ The pictographies in black, for instance, I eat the ones of The Generals, alert us the danger of strange people in the region, of a created incursion where there are men on foot and on horseback (animals that they did not know and that almost could reproduce on the move). In any case those concrete figures of men and women have an objective interpretation because they meet such and so at room temperature that prove to be obvious, but the other figures, them schematic ones, may try to him of symbolic combinations to conform a word, a prayer, such and as we divide our language in syllables ”.
Cave Pichardo
Cave of Pichardo: In this Cuevas the more spectacular and the best acquaintance of pictographies finds agroalfareros, once the meridional slope of the Cerro of Tuabaquey was placed in, in addition to 80 meters of height on the level of the base of this elevation. Your pictographies are located in a cavity rocky, to around six meters of the ground, in the inside of the entrance hall of the cave that remains in semi-semidarkness almost constant. In your first living room he has a pictographic set fixed by a geometric figure formed by the two-rhumb union and two triangles and an anthropological representation of 1, 27 meters of height; With a 1.23-meter width, that a close resemblance with the faces of the corresponding idols has this culture; And with certain degree of stylizing; Both are drawn in red color and their lines are very thick.
During the month of January late in the afternoon, the sunlight protrudes on both pictographies.
The position that occupies this set and the largeness of the same one that represents a human figure, allows thinking that it is about an important place from the point of ceremonial sight.
The Indian's Cave
The Indian's Cave: Numerous pictographies that represent anthropomorphous figures and zoomorfas in a mix of the abstraction with naturalism, as well as the reproduction of a hand for direct impression.
They find themselves located in a living room opened in the entrance itself of the espelunca on the rock of the walls, from a height less of a meter to almost three meters of the ground. Some also are in a secondary formation in the center of the aforementioned living room.
Cave Matías
Cave Matías: Two murals with over a treintena of anthropomorphous figures of different epochs distributed in two of the walls of entrance of the cavern, totally bathed by the light of the day. Figures are located to height that oscillate between one and two and half a meters of height. Only some a lot of drawings present geometric characteristics.
Cave Mercedes
Cave Mercedes: Pictography disseminated in a semi-dark gallery that serves as entrance to cavern, set at the height of a standing man. Other ones in the inside, deep down the cave to less than a meter of the ground. All pictographies present geometric lines and down payment in them a tall degree of abstraction.
Mary Theresa's Cave
Mary Theresa's Cave: Two painted murals, one in the structural rock and the other one in a kind of hanging keel of the roof; Both measure up to a standing man and show features of a lofty stylizing. It is in a living room graduates indirect lighting.
Cave of the Generals
Cave of the Generals: Present two murals, one in front of the other painted directly on smooth structural walls of a little gallery of difficult outburst, lightly illuminated for the daylight. The paintings all natures; The anthropomorphous figures and zoomorfas represent stages also accomplished by a standing person. One of the murals seems to describe the encounter of the aborigines with the European conquerors. The aborigines are represented for human figures with lances and tails, while colonizers appear with swords and dickeys, some on horseback and with helmets finished crossed moneys. The women with children appear also.
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